Under the Act, the NBA coordinates the conservation activities across the country, primarily through state biodiversity boards and biodiversity management committees (BMC) constituted at grassroots level.
BMCs work towards preserving biological resources and advise the state in handling the resources. Tamil Nadu, like Nagaland, UP, Bihar, Chhattisgarh and Jammu and Kashmir, hasn't done much to constitute BMCs. The state has formed only 13 committees, whereas Kerala has put in place 1,043 panels. Madhya Pradesh (23,743), Karnataka (4,374) and Gujarat (1,158) top the list. Besides the concerns on preservation, experts point out that the failure in setting up BMCs in villages will deny the villages the benefits of resources exploited by multinational companies.
According to the Act, the local committees prepare a People's Biodiversity Registers (PBR), which documents biological resources from the area to regulate resources. For instance, a PBR prepared by the local biodiversity committee in Amarchinta, a village in Andhra Pradesh, forced an exporter to pay an amount three times higher than what he paid earlier for the export of neem leaves. Any offence under the act is non-bailable.
Tamil Nadu has not prepared a single PBR. Madhya Pradesh, which tops the list, has 741 PBRs, while Kerala has 670 and Karnataka has 267.
The state has formed only 13 biodiversity management committees, whereas Kerala has 1,043 panels, Madhya Pradesh has 23,743, Karnataka has 4,374 and Gujarat 1,158.
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