On June 12, TOI was first to report about Britain's Wildlife Vets International (WVI) plan to study whether a virus common among Indian dogs was infecting tigers of Sunderbans and turning them into man-eaters. The study would be part of WVI's first comprehensive global tiger disease surveillance programme.
On June 14, NTCA's deputy inspector general SP Yadav had asked states to vaccinate stray cattle and dogs living around reserves on a regular basis and had also instructed that incidents of wild animals showing abnormal behaviour must be reported immediately.
The CDV disease is incurable, causing high fever, watery eyes, vomiting, diarrhoea, paralysis and death. The infected animals have also been observed to display strange behaviour, with disorientation and inability to predate, besides loss of fear.
The NTCA has asked the forest officials to collect tissues of dead animals for pathological analysis. The field staff has been asked to check water quality in tiger reserves (pre and post-monsoon) along with chemical analysis. Facilities like deep fridge for storing samples and record of collected samples need to be maintained.
Tigers are endangered, largely due to habitat loss and poaching, besides over-hunting of prey species. Around 3,500 tigers remain in the wild and 13 tiger countries have pledged to protect them.
Referring to a paper published in a journal 'Veterinary Science', NTCA officials said a dead Asiatic lion from Gujarat was detected with a virus in tissues which appeared after the animal came in contact with other infected animals like cattle, buffaloes or dogs. The samples of the lion tested negative for CDV but positive for peste des petits ruminants (PPR) virus, which may have been transmitted from domestic animals.
Although it is most common in dogs, CDV infects many wild animals, including several vulnerable species. In 1994, an epidemic killed over 1,000 lions in the Serengeti region of Tanzania and Kenya, almost a third of the population. The disease was transmitted by infected dogs, so local veterinary researchers began vaccinating local dogs. The virus was also partly responsible for the near-extinction of the North American black-footed ferret, and a mutated version has repeatedly struck European seals.
If not tiger reserves, where prey base is good, big carnivores in the territorial areas outside national parks and sanctuaries can be vulnerable as they mostly prey on domestic animals, including dogs.
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